Human Logic

Catatan Gugum Maulana

4:30 PM

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Fragments of Information

The red block is on the green block.
The green block is somewhere above the blue block.
The green block is not on the blue block.
The yellow block is on the green block or the blue block.
There is some block on the black block.


Conclusions

The red block is on the green block.
The green block is on the yellow block.
The yellow block is on the blue block.
The blue block is on the black block.
The black block is directly on the table.

Proof

We are told that the yellow block is on the green block or the

blue block. We are also told that the red block is on the

green block. Given the assumption that there can be only

one block on another and that a block cannot be two colors

at once, we can conclude that the yellow block is not on the

green block. But then, by elimination, the yellow block must

be on the blue block.

Reasoning by Pattern

All Accords are Hondas.
All Hondas are Japanese.
Therefore, all Accords are Japanese.
All borogoves are slithy toves.
All slithy toves are mimsy.
Therefore, all borogoves are mimsy.
All x are y.
All y are z.
Therefore, all x are z.

Questions

Which patterns are correct?
How many patterns are enough?

Unsound Patterns

Pattern
All x are y.
Some y are z.
Therefore, some x are z.
Good Instance
All Toyotas are Japanese cars.
Some Japanese cars are made in America.
Therefore, some Toyotas are made in America.
Not-So-Good Instance
All Toyotas are cars.
Some cars are Porsches.
Therefore, some Toyotas are Porsches.